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pass of the implement’s legs or shanks evenly staggered between those from the previous pass. This compensates for the shank or leg-spacing on the implement, e.g., with 24-to-30 inches Ɣ A second series of passes makes a broad “S” shaped pattern of rips, continually between each shank or leg. The staggered return pass ensures lateral and vertical fracturing and gradually alternating the “S” curves between opposite edges inside the actuated every 12 to 15 inches across the densely compressed soil mass. compacted corridor. Large, Unobstructed Areas Ɣ The third and final series again uses the broad, alternating S pattern, but it is For larger easy areas, use the standard patterns of movement: “flip-flopped” to continually cross the previous S pattern along the corridor’s centerline. This final series of the S pattern curves back along the edge areas Ɣ The first series (pattern) of passes is applied lengthwise, parallel with the longest skipped by the second series. spread of the site; gradually progressing across the site’s width, with each successive pass. Maintenance and Cost Ɣ The second series runs obliquely, crossing the first series at an angle of Once the two-phase practice of Deep Ripping and Decompation is completed, two items are about 45 degrees. essential for maintaining a site’s soil porosity and permeability for infiltration. They are: planting and maintaining the appropriate ground cover with deep roots to maintain the soil structure (see Ɣ The third series runs at right angle (or 90 degrees), to the first series to complete Figure 15); and keeping the site free of traffic or other weight loads. the fracturing and shattering on severely compacted sites, and avoid leaving large unbroken blocks of compressed soil material. (In certain instances, the third series Note that site-specific choice of an appropriate vegetative ground-cover seed mix, including the may be optional, depending on how thoroughly the first two series loosen the proper seeding ratio of one or more perennial species with a deep taproot system and the proper material and eliminate large chunks/blocks of material as verified by tests with a ¾- amount of lime and soil nutrients (fertilizer mix) adapted to the soil-needs, are basic to the final inch cone penetrometer.) practice of landscaping, i.e: surface tillage, seeding/planting/fertilizing and culti-packing or mulching is applied. The "maintenance" of an effectively deep-ripped and decompacted area is generally limited to the successful perennial (long-term) landscape ground cover; as long as no weight-bearing force of soil compaction is applied. Fig. 13. The same deep, angled-leg subsoiler Fig. 12. Moderately dry topsoil is being shown in Fig. 7 is engaged at maximum replaced on the affected site now that Phase 1 depth for Phase 2, decompaction (deep deep ripping of the compressed subsoil is soiling), of the replaced topsoil and the upper Fig. 15. The same site as Fig. 14 after deep complete. Fig. 14. The severely compacted soil of a subsoil materials. ripping of the exposed subsoil, topsoil temporary construction yard used daily by replacement, decompaction through the heavy equipment for four months; shown topsoil and upper subsoil and final surface before deep ripping, topsoil replacement, and tillage and revegetation to maintain soil Corridors decompaction. permeability and infiltration. In long corridors of limited width and less maneuverability than larger sites, e.g.: along compacted areas used as temporary construction access, a modified series of pattern passes are used. Ɣ First, apply the same initial lengthwise, parallel series of passes described above. 9 10 Page 304 of 849