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The Deep Ripping and Decompaction practice is, by necessity, more extensive than periodic Resources subsoiling of farmland.The cost of deep ripping and decompacting (deep subsoiling), will vary according to the depth and severity of soil-material compression and the relative amount of Publications:ȱ tractor and implement time that is required. In some instances, depending on open ȣȱAmericanȱȱSocietyȱofȱȱAgriculturalȱEngineers.ȱ1971.ȱȱCompactionȱofȱȱAgriculturalȱȱSoils.ȱȱASAE.ȱ maneuverability, two-to-three acres of compacted project area may be deep-ripped in one day. In ȱ other situations of more severe compaction and - or less maneuverability, as little as one acre may ȣȱBrady,ȱN.C.,ȱandȱR.R.ȱWeil.ȱ2002.ȱȱTheȱȱNatureȱȱandȱȱPropertiesȱȱofȱȱSoils.ȱ13thȱed.ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc.ȱ be fully ripped in a day. Generally, if the Phase 1) Deep Ripping is fully effective, the Phase 2) ȱ Decompaction should be completed in 2/3 to 3/4 of the time required for Phase 1. ȣȱBaver,ȱL.D.ȱ1948.ȱSoilȱPhysics.ȱJohnȱWileyȱ&ȱSons.ȱ ȱ Using the example of two acres of Phase 1) Deep Ripping in one day, at $1800 per day, the net ȣȱCarpachi,ȱN.ȱ1987ȱ(1995ȱfifthȱprinting).ȱExcavationȱandȱGradingȱHandbook,ȱRevised.ȱȱ2ndȱed.ȱCraftsmanȱBookȱ cost is $900 per acre. If the Phase 2) Decompacting or deep subsoiling takes 3/4 the time as Phase Companyȱ 1, it costs $675 per acre for a combined total of $1575 per acre to complete the practice (these ȣȱEllis,ȱB.ȱ(Editor).ȱ1997.ȱȱSafeȱ&ȱEasyȱLawnȱCare:ȱȱTheȱCompleteȱGuideȱtoȱOrganicȱLowȱMaintenanceȱLawn.ȱȱ figures do not include the cost of the separate practice of topsoil stripping and replacement). Due HoughtonȱMifflin.ȱ to the many variables, it must be recognized that cost will be determined by the specific conditions ȱ or constraints of the site and the availability of proper equipment. ȣȱ Harpstead,ȱ M.I.,ȱ T.J.ȱ Sauer,ȱ andȱ W.F.ȱ Bennett.ȱ 2001.ȱ ȱ Soilȱ Scienceȱ Simplified.ȱ 4thȱ ed.ȱ Iowaȱ Stateȱ Universityȱȱ Press.ȱ ȱ ȣȱ ȱ Magdoff,ȱ F.,ȱ ȱ andȱ ȱ H.ȱ vanȱ Es.ȱ ȱ 2000.ȱ ȱ Buildingȱ Soilsȱ ȱ forȱ ȱ Betterȱ Crops.ȱ 2ndȱ ed.ȱ Sustainableȱ Agriculturalȱ Networksȱ ȱ ȣȱȱMcCarthy,ȱD.F.ȱ1993.ȱEssentialsȱofȱSoilȱMechanicsȱandȱFoundations,ȱBasicȱGeotechnicsȱ4thȱed.ȱRegents/Prenticeȱ Hall.ȱ ȱ ȣȱȱȱȱȱȱPlaster,ȱE.J.ȱ1992.ȱSoilȱScienceȱ&ȱManagement.ȱ3rdȱed.ȱDelmarȱPublishers.ȱ ȱ ȣȱ ȱ ȱ Unionȱ Gasȱ Limited,ȱ Ontario,ȱ Canada.ȱ 1984.ȱ Rehabilitationȱ ofȱ Agriculturalȱ Lands,ȱ DawnȬKerwoodȱ ȱ Loopȱȱ Pipeline;ȱȱȱTechnicalȱȱȱReport.ȱȱȱEcologicalȱȱȱServicesȱȱforȱȱPlanning,ȱȱLtd.;ȱRobinson,ȱMerrittȱ&ȱDevries,ȱ Ltd.ȱandȱSmith,ȱHoffmanȱAssociates,ȱLtd.ȱ ȱ ȣȱȱȱUSȱDepartmentȱofȱAgricultureȱinȱcooperationȱwithȱCornellȱUniversityȱAgriculturalȱExperimentȱȱStation.ȱȱ Variousȱyears.ȱȱSoilȱȱSurveyȱofȱȱ(variousȱnames)ȱȱCounty,ȱȱNewȱYork.ȱUSDA.ȱ ȱ InternetȱAccess:ȱ ȣȱȱȱȱExamplesȱofȱimplements:ȱȱ ȱVȬRippers.ȱȱAccessȱbyȱȱinternetȱsearchȱofȱJohnȱDeereȱAgȱȬNewȱEquipmentȱȱȱforȱȱ915ȱȱ(largerȬframeȱmodel)ȱȱVȬ Rippe;ȱȱand,ȱȱȱforȱ913ȱȱ(smallerȬframeȱmodel)ȱVȬRipper.ȱȱDeep,ȱangledȬlegȱsubsoiler.ȱȱAccessȱȱbyȱȱinternetȱ searchȱȱof:ȱBighamȱȱBrothersȱShearȱBoltȱȱParatillȬSubsoiler.ȱ http://salesmanual.deere.com/sales/salesmanual/en_NA/primary_tillage/2008/feature/rippers/915v_pattern_frame.html?sbu=a g&link=prodcat LastȱvisitedȱMarchȱ08.ȱ ȱ ȣȱ Soilsȱ dataȱ ofȱ USDAȱ Naturalȱ Resourcesȱ Conservationȱ Service.ȱ NRCSȱ Webȱ Soilȱ Survey.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/ȱȱȱandȱȱUSDAȬNRCSȱȱOfficialȱȱSoilȱȱSeriesȱDescriptions;ȱViewȱbyȱ Name.ȱhttp://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/cgiȬbin/osd/osdname.cgiȱ.ȱLastȱvisitedȱJan.ȱ08.ȱ ȱ ȣȱȱSoilȱȱpenetrometerȱȱinformation.ȱȱAccessȱȱbyȱȱȱinternetȱȱsearchesȱȱof:ȱȱȱDiagnosingȱSoilȱCompactionȱȱȱusingȱȱaȱ Penetrometerȱ(soilȱcompactionȱtester),ȱPSUȱExtension;ȱȱasȱȱwellȱȱasȱDickeyȬjohnȱSoilȱCompactionȱTester.ȱ http://www.dickey-johnproducts.com/pdf/SoilCompactionTest.pdf and http://cropsoil.psu.edu/Extension/Facts/uc178pdf Lastȱ visitedȱSept.ȱ07ȱ 11 12 Page 281 of 1174